Why Was the Family Important in Roman Society? Quizlet
The British men in the business of colonizing the North American continent were and then sure they "owned any state they land on" (yes, that's from Pocahontas), they established new colonies by only drawing lines on a map.
And then, everyone living in the now-claimed territory, became a part of an English colony.
And of all the lines drawn on maps in the 18th century, possibly the most famous is the Mason-Dixon Line.
What is the Mason-Dixon Line?
The Mason-Dixon Line also called the Stonemason and Dixon Line is a boundary line that makes up the edge between Pennsylvania, Delaware, and Maryland. Over fourth dimension, the line was extended to the Ohio River to make upward the entire southern edge of Pennsylvania.
But it besides took on boosted significance when it became the unofficial edge between the North and the South, and perhaps more importantly, betwixt states where slavery was allowed and states where slavery had been abolished.
READ More: The History of Slavery: America'due south Black Marking
Where is the Bricklayer-Dixon Line?
For the cartographers in the room, the Bricklayer and Dixon Line is an east-west line located at 39ยบ43'20" N starting due south of Philadelphia and east of the Delaware River. Mason and Dixon resurveyed the Delaware tangent line and the Newcastle arc and in 1765 began running the due east-west line from the tangent indicate, at approximately 39°43′ N.
For the rest of us, it'south the border between Maryland, W Virginia, Pennsylvania and Virginia. The Pennsylvania–Maryland edge was defined equally the line of breadth 15 miles (24 km) southward of the southernmost house in Philadelphia.
Mason-Dixon Line Map
Have a look at the map below to see exactly where the Mason Dixon Line is:
Why Is it Called the Bricklayer-Dixon Line?
Information technology is called the Mason and Dixon Line because the 2 men who originally surveyed the line and got the governments of Delaware, Pennsylvania and Maryland to agree, were named Charles Mason and Jeremiah Dixon.
Jeremiah was a Quaker and from a mining family unit. He showed a talent early on for maths and then surveying. He went downwards to London to exist taken on by the Royal Society, just at a time when his social life was getting a bit out of mitt.
He was a chip of a lad by all accounts, not your typical Quaker, and never married. He enjoyed socialising and carousing and was really expelled from the Quakers for his drinking and keeping loose company.
Mason's early life was more sedate by comparison. At the age of 28 he was taken on past the Royal Observatory in Greenwich every bit an assistant. Noted as a "meticulous observer of nature and geography" he later became a fellow of the Royal Society.
Mason and Dixon arrived in Philadelphia on 15 November 1763. Although the war in America had concluded some two years earlier, there remained considerable tension betwixt the settlers and their native neighbours.
The line was not called the Stonemason-Dixon Line when it was first drawn. Instead, information technology got this name during the Missouri Compromise, which was agreed to in 1820.
It was used to reference the boundary between states where slavery was legal and states where it was not. After this, both the name and its understood meaning became more than widespread, and it somewhen became role of the border between the seceded Confederate States of America and Wedlock Territories.
Why Exercise We Accept a Mason-Dixon Line?
In the early days of British colonialism in North America, land was granted to individuals or corporations via charters, which were given by the rex himself.
Nevertheless, even kings tin make mistakes, and when Charles II granted William Penn a charter for state in America, he gave him territory that he had already granted to both Maryland and Delaware! What an idiot!?
William Penn was a author, early member of the Religious Society of Friends (Quakers), and founder of the English language North American colony the Province of Pennsylvania. He was an early advocate of democracy and religious freedom, notable for his skillful relations and successful treaties with the Lenape Native Americans.
Nether his management, the metropolis of Philadelphia was planned and developed. Philadelphia was planned out to exist filigree-like with its streets and be very easy to navigate, unlike London where Penn was from. The streets are named with numbers and tree names. He chose to use the names of trees for the cross streets because Pennsylvania means "Penn'southward Woods".
But in his defense force, the map he was using was inaccurate, and this threw everything out of whack. At offset, information technology wasn't a huge issue since the population in the area was and then sparse at that place were non many disputes related to the border.
Only as all the colonies grew in population and sought to expand w, the matter of the unresolved border became a much more prominent in mid-Atlantic politics.
The Feud
In colonial times, equally in modern times, besides, borders and boundaries were critical. Provincial governors needed them to ensure they were collecting their due taxes, and citizens needed to know which state they had a right to claim and which belonged to someone else (of grade, they didn't seem to mind too much when that 'someone else' was a tribe of Native Americans).
The dispute had its origins nearly a century before in the somewhat confusing proprietary grants by King Charles I to Lord Baltimore (Maryland) and by King Charles 2 to William Penn (Pennsylvania and Delaware). Lord Baltimore was an English nobleman who was the first Proprietor of the Province of Maryland, ninth Proprietary Governor of the Colony of Newfoundland and 2d of the colony of Province of Avalon to its southeast. His title was "Showtime Lord Proprietary, Earl Palatine of the Provinces of Maryland and Avalon in America".
A problem arose when Charles 2 granted a charter for Pennsylvania in 1681. The grant defined Pennsylvania's southern border as identical to Maryland'due south northern border, but described it differently, as Charles relied on an inaccurate map. The terms of the grant clearly indicate that Charles Two and William Penn believed the 40th parallel would intersect the Twelve-Mile Circle around New Castle, Delaware, when in fact it falls north of the original boundaries of the City of Philadelphia, the site of which Penn had already selected for his colony's majuscule city. Negotiations ensued subsequently the trouble was discovered in 1681.
Equally a upshot, solving this border dispute became a major issue, and information technology became an fifty-fifty bigger bargain when trigger-happy conflict broke out in the mid-1730s over country claimed by both people from Pennsylvania and Maryland. This piffling event became known as Cresap's State of war.
To finish this madness, the Penns, who controlled Pennsylvania, and the Calverts, who were in accuse of Maryland, hired Charles Mason and Jeremiah Dixon to survey the territory and draw a boundary line to which everyone could agree.
Merely Charles Mason and Jeremiah Dixon simply did this considering the Maryland governor had agreed to a border with Delaware. He later argued the terms he signed to were non the ones he had agreed to in person, but the courts fabricated him stick to what was on paper. E'er read the fine print!
This agreement fabricated it easier to settle the dispute between Pennsylvania and Maryland because they could use the now established boundary between Maryland and Delaware as a reference. All they had to practice was extend a line westward from the southern boundary of Philadelphia, and…
The Mason-Dixon Line was born.
Limestone markers measuring upwardly to 5ft (1.5m) loftier – quarried and transported from England – were placed at every mile and marked with a P for Pennsylvania and M for Maryland on each side. And so-called Crown stones were positioned every five miles and engraved with the Penn family unit's glaze of arms on one side and the Calvert family'southward on the other.
Later on, in 1779, Pennsylvania and Virginia agreed to extend the Mason-Dixon Line west by five degrees of longitude to create the border between the two colines-turned-states (By 1779, the American Revolution was underway and the colonies were no longer colonies).
In 1784, surveyors David Rittenhouse and Andrew Ellicott and their crew completed the survey of the Stonemason–Dixon line to the southwest corner of Pennsylvania, five degrees from the Delaware River.
Rittenhouse'south crew completed the survey of the Mason–Dixon line to the southwest corner of Pennsylvania, five degrees from the Delaware River. Other surveyors continued w to the Ohio River. The section of the line between the southwestern corner of Pennsylvania and the river is the county line betwixt Marshall and Wetzel counties, Westward Virginia.
In 1863, during the American Ceremonious War, West Virginia separated from Virginia and rejoined the Union, but the line remained as the border with Pennsylvania.
It's updated several times throughout history, the most contempo being during the Kennedy Administration, in 1963.
The Mason-Dixon Line's Place in History
The Mason–Dixon line along the southern Pennsylvania border subsequently became informally known as the boundary betwixt the free (Northern) states and the slave (Southern) states.
It is unlikely that Bricklayer and Dixon ever heard the phrase "Mason–Dixon line". The official written report on the survey, issued in 1768, did not even mention their names. While the term was used occasionally in the decades following the survey, information technology came into popular use when the Missouri Compromise of 1820 named "Mason and Dixon's line" as role of the boundary between slave territory and free territory.
The Missouri Compromise of 1820 was United States federal legislation that stopped northern attempts to forever prohibit slavery's expansion by admitting Missouri as a slave state in substitution for legislation which prohibited slavery northward of the 36°thirty′ parallel except for Missouri. The 16th United States Congress passed the legislation on March 3, 1820, and President James Monroe signed it on March 6, 1820.
At first glance, the Mason and Dixon Line doesn't seem like much more than a line on a map. Plus, it was created out of a disharmonize brought on by poor mapping in the first place…a problem more lines aren't likely to solve.
But despite its lowly status as a line on a map, it eventually gained prominence in United States history and commonage memory because of what information technology came to mean to some segments of the American population.
It commencement took on this meaning in 1780 when Pennsylvania abolished slavery. Over time, more northern states would exercise the same until all us northward of the line did not permit slavery. This made it the border between slave states and free states.
Peradventure the biggest reason this is pregnant has to do with the underground resistance to slavery that took place almost from the institution's inception. Slaves who managed to escape from their plantations would attempt to make their manner north, by the Stonemason-Dixon Line.
However, in the early years of United States history, when slavery was yet legal in some Northern states and fugitive slave laws required anyone who found a slave to return him or her to their owner, meaning Canada was ofttimes the final destination. Yet it was no secret the journey got slightly easier afterward crossing the Line and making it into Pennsylvania.
Because of this, the Mason-Dixon Line became a symbol in the quest for liberty. Making it beyond significantly improved your chances of making it to freedom.
Today, the Bricklayer-Dixon Line does not have the aforementioned significance (plain, since slavery is no longer legal) although it all the same serves as a useful demarcation in terms of American politics.
The "South" is still considered to start below the line, and political views and cultures tend to alter dramatically once past the line and into Virginia, W Virginia, Kentucky, North Carolina, and and so on.
Beyond this, the line however serves every bit the border, and someday ii groups of people can agree on a border for a long time, everyone wins. There'due south less fighting and more peace.
The Line and Social Attitudes
Because when studying the United States history the about racist stuff e'er comes from the South, information technology'south piece of cake to fall into the trap of thinking the North was every bit progressive as the Due south was racist.
Merely this merely isn't true. Instead, people in the North were just as racist, merely they went nearly it in different means. They were more subtle. Sneakier. And they were quick to approximate Southern racist, pushing attention away from them.
In fact, segregation notwithstanding existed in many northern cities, especially when it came to housing, and attitudes towards blacks were far from warm and welcoming. Boston, a city very much in the North, has had a long history of racism, withal Massachusetts was i of the first states to abolish slavery.
As a outcome, to say the Mason-Dixon Line separated the country by social attitude is a gross mischaracterization.
formulanone from Huntsville, United States [CC BY-SA 2.0
It'due south truthful that blacks were more often than not safer in the North than in the S, where lynchings and other mob violence were quite mutual all the fashion upwards until the civil rights move in the 1950s and 1960s.
Merely the Stonemason-Dixon Line is best understood as the unofficial border betwixt the Due north and the South likewise as the divider between complimentary and slave states.
The Future of the Mason-Dixon Line
Although it yet serves every bit the border of iii states, the Mason-Dixon Line is most probable waning in significance. Its unofficial role as a border between the North and Due south just really remains considering of the political differences betwixt u.s.a. on each side.
However, the political dynamic in the country is changing apace, especially as demographics shift. What this volition do to the difference between N and South, who knows?
Jbrown620 at English Wikipedia [CC Past-SA 3.0
If we utilize history as a guide, it's prophylactic to say the line will continue to serve some significance if in nothing else except our collective consciousness. But maps are redrawn constantly. What's a timeless edge today can be a forgotten boundary tomorrow. History is still being written.
READ More than:
The Great Compromise of 1787
The Three-Fifths Compromise
Source: https://historycooperative.org/mason-dixon-line/
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